section epub:type=”index”> Index Note: Page numbers followed by “f” indicate figures, and “t” indicate tables. A Abrasive wear 476–477, 477f Abundance of elements 19, 20t Adhesive wear 475, 486 Ammonia tank critical stress 263–264, 264f fracture toughness 264 geometry of failure 262, 263f material properties 262–263 pressure vessel 261–262, 262f Amorphous polymers 73–74, 75f Anelasticity 493 Anisotropy composites 89–90 Arrhenius’s law 367, 368f Atomic level materials 49 Atom packing 49, 50f in crystals See Crystals, atom packing density of solids 76–78, 76–77t, 78f in inorganic glasses 74–75, 75f in polymers 73–74, 75f Availability of materials 15 B Bending moment 96–97 Bending of beams 97–98, 108–109 Biaxial tension 34, 35f Bimetals beam 508–510, 509f snap-through bimetal disc 508–510, 510f Bond-angle 50f Bonding, atoms atom packing 49, 50f condensed states of matter 56, 57t interatomic bonds 49, 50f interatomic forces 57–58, 58f primary bonds 49–55, 51–54f secondary bonds 49, 55–56, 55–56f Bond stiffness 83–86, 84f, 85t Boundary lubrication 474, 475f Brazing 426–429 Brittle cracking 234, 235f, 238 Brittle materials alloys 237–238 design strength 248 failure probability 248–249 modulus of rupture 254–257, 255f statistics of strength 248–249, 249–250f strength of ceramic 252–253 survival probability 250, 253 tensile strength 248 Weibull distribution 250–252, 250f Buckling 512 Buckling of beams 99–100, 112–113 Bulk diffusion 376, 382 Bulk modulus 38 Burgers vector 160–161 C Carbon emissions 531–532 Carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) 5, 88, 117–118 Car design aluminum alloys 539, 540f, 541 carbon emissions 531–532 compression molding 539–540, 541f energy 531 energy economy 532, 532t, 533f GFRP 539–541, 540–541f high-strength steel 539, 541 material content 533, 534f, 534t primary mechanical properties 533–537 secondary properties 537–539 Challenger space shuttle disaster circumstances 122–123 hoop strain 125, 129 hoop stress 129 joint rotation 125, 126f O ring 125–128, 126f party balloon and rubber band 125, 127f Poisson’s ratio 129 solid rocket booster casing joint 123–125, 124f, 128–129 Close-packed hexagonal structures 65, 66f, 68, 68f, 70–71 Close-packed plane 64 Coefficient of kinetic friction 470, 470f Coefficient of static friction 470, 470f, 473f, 474 Comet air disasters 325–331 Composites fast fracture 236–237, 236–237f modulus 87–90 thermal expansion 508, 509f Compression 34, 35f, 139 Compression molding 539–540, 541f Concentration gradient 515 Condensed states of matter 56, 57t Continuous welded railroad track 510–512, 511f Corrosion design error 458–459 Covalent bonding 52–54, 53–54f Crack-growth rate 288 Crack propagation 271 cleavage 234–236, 235f ductile tearing 232–234, 232–233f Creep 538 ceramics 382–387 damage 360–361, 360f, 400 fracture 360–361, 385–386 metals 382–387 polymers 387–389 relaxation 358–360 tests 355–358, 357f Creep-resistant materials 361 Creep-rupture diagram 361, 361f Crystal energies 64–66 Crystallography 66–68 Crystals atom packing body-centered cubic structure 71, 71f close-packed structures and crystal energies 64–66, 65–66f direction indices 69–70, 70f grain boundaries 63–64 hard spheres 63–64 nondirectional bonding 63–64 plane indices 68, 69f three-dimensional packing pattern 64 bond stiffness 83–86, 84f, 85t dislocation of See Dislocations strength 157–158, 158–159f D Debonding 236–237 Defect-sensitive materials 247 Deformation mechanism diagrams 385 Density of solids 76–78, 76–77t, 78f Diffusional flow 386–387 Diffusion coefficients 374, 515 Diffusion creep 384 Dilatation 36 Directional covalent bonding 53–54, 54f Direction indices 69–70, 70f Dislocation-core diffusion 376–377, 377f Dislocations creep 382–383 edge dislocation 159–161, 160f, 162–163f electron microscope, stainless steel 161, 165f force acting 162–165, 166f glide on crystallographic planes 166 line tension 166, 166f motion 160–161 plastic strain 160–161 screw dislocation 161, 163–164f yield strength 169, 173 Doubling-time 21 Dry oxidation metals joining 426–429 stainless alloys, making of 421–422 turbine blades 422–426 Ductile tearing 233–234, 233f Ductile-to-brittle transition 235–236 Ductility, of aluminum alloys 539 E Edge dislocation 159–161, 160f, 162–163f Elastic bending 96–98, 96–97f Elastic deflection 95–98, 97f, 535–538 Elastic deformation bending 96–98, 96–97f buckling 99–100 elastic limit 95 strain 102–103, 103f stress 100–102, 101–102f vibration 98–99 Elastic design, springs energy density 196 leaf springs See Leaf springs materials 195–196, 196t primary function 196 types 195–196 Elastic limit 137 Elastic moduli deck hangers, Sydney Harbour Bridge 31, 32f floppy materials 31 Hooke’s law 38 rubber band 31, 32f strain 36–37, 37f stress 33–35 Young moduli See Young’s modulus Electrochemical equilibrium diagram. See Pourbaix diagram Electropolishing 455 Energies of formation, of oxides 412, 413f, 414t Energy costs 24–25 Engineering materials for bridges cast-iron bridges, Magdalene Bridge 8, 10f Clare Bridge 8, 9f mild-steel bridge, St George footbridge 10, 11f reinforced concrete footbridge in Garret Hostel Lane 10, 11f wooden bridge at Queens’ College 8, 9f ceramics 1–2 classes of materials 1–2, 3t, 4f composites 1–2 engineering design considerations 10, 12f material prices, breakdown of 7–8, 8t metals and alloys 1–2 natural materials 1–2 precious metals and gemstones 8 properties classes of property 1, 2t fatigue strength 1 fracture toughness 1 sailing cruiser 6, 7f screwdriver fracture toughness 4 friction coefficient 4 modulus, steel 2–3 PMMA handle 4–5 Only gold members can continue reading. Log In or Register to continue Share this:Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Related Related posts: Case Studies in Dry Oxidation Case Studies in Wet Corrosion Case Studies in Fracture Case Studies in Yield-Limited Design Tags: Engineering materials an introduction to properties applications and design Aug 9, 2021 | Posted by admin in General Engineer | Comments Off on Index
section epub:type=”index”> Index Note: Page numbers followed by “f” indicate figures, and “t” indicate tables. A Abrasive wear 476–477, 477f Abundance of elements 19, 20t Adhesive wear 475, 486 Ammonia tank critical stress 263–264, 264f fracture toughness 264 geometry of failure 262, 263f material properties 262–263 pressure vessel 261–262, 262f Amorphous polymers 73–74, 75f Anelasticity 493 Anisotropy composites 89–90 Arrhenius’s law 367, 368f Atomic level materials 49 Atom packing 49, 50f in crystals See Crystals, atom packing density of solids 76–78, 76–77t, 78f in inorganic glasses 74–75, 75f in polymers 73–74, 75f Availability of materials 15 B Bending moment 96–97 Bending of beams 97–98, 108–109 Biaxial tension 34, 35f Bimetals beam 508–510, 509f snap-through bimetal disc 508–510, 510f Bond-angle 50f Bonding, atoms atom packing 49, 50f condensed states of matter 56, 57t interatomic bonds 49, 50f interatomic forces 57–58, 58f primary bonds 49–55, 51–54f secondary bonds 49, 55–56, 55–56f Bond stiffness 83–86, 84f, 85t Boundary lubrication 474, 475f Brazing 426–429 Brittle cracking 234, 235f, 238 Brittle materials alloys 237–238 design strength 248 failure probability 248–249 modulus of rupture 254–257, 255f statistics of strength 248–249, 249–250f strength of ceramic 252–253 survival probability 250, 253 tensile strength 248 Weibull distribution 250–252, 250f Buckling 512 Buckling of beams 99–100, 112–113 Bulk diffusion 376, 382 Bulk modulus 38 Burgers vector 160–161 C Carbon emissions 531–532 Carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) 5, 88, 117–118 Car design aluminum alloys 539, 540f, 541 carbon emissions 531–532 compression molding 539–540, 541f energy 531 energy economy 532, 532t, 533f GFRP 539–541, 540–541f high-strength steel 539, 541 material content 533, 534f, 534t primary mechanical properties 533–537 secondary properties 537–539 Challenger space shuttle disaster circumstances 122–123 hoop strain 125, 129 hoop stress 129 joint rotation 125, 126f O ring 125–128, 126f party balloon and rubber band 125, 127f Poisson’s ratio 129 solid rocket booster casing joint 123–125, 124f, 128–129 Close-packed hexagonal structures 65, 66f, 68, 68f, 70–71 Close-packed plane 64 Coefficient of kinetic friction 470, 470f Coefficient of static friction 470, 470f, 473f, 474 Comet air disasters 325–331 Composites fast fracture 236–237, 236–237f modulus 87–90 thermal expansion 508, 509f Compression 34, 35f, 139 Compression molding 539–540, 541f Concentration gradient 515 Condensed states of matter 56, 57t Continuous welded railroad track 510–512, 511f Corrosion design error 458–459 Covalent bonding 52–54, 53–54f Crack-growth rate 288 Crack propagation 271 cleavage 234–236, 235f ductile tearing 232–234, 232–233f Creep 538 ceramics 382–387 damage 360–361, 360f, 400 fracture 360–361, 385–386 metals 382–387 polymers 387–389 relaxation 358–360 tests 355–358, 357f Creep-resistant materials 361 Creep-rupture diagram 361, 361f Crystal energies 64–66 Crystallography 66–68 Crystals atom packing body-centered cubic structure 71, 71f close-packed structures and crystal energies 64–66, 65–66f direction indices 69–70, 70f grain boundaries 63–64 hard spheres 63–64 nondirectional bonding 63–64 plane indices 68, 69f three-dimensional packing pattern 64 bond stiffness 83–86, 84f, 85t dislocation of See Dislocations strength 157–158, 158–159f D Debonding 236–237 Defect-sensitive materials 247 Deformation mechanism diagrams 385 Density of solids 76–78, 76–77t, 78f Diffusional flow 386–387 Diffusion coefficients 374, 515 Diffusion creep 384 Dilatation 36 Directional covalent bonding 53–54, 54f Direction indices 69–70, 70f Dislocation-core diffusion 376–377, 377f Dislocations creep 382–383 edge dislocation 159–161, 160f, 162–163f electron microscope, stainless steel 161, 165f force acting 162–165, 166f glide on crystallographic planes 166 line tension 166, 166f motion 160–161 plastic strain 160–161 screw dislocation 161, 163–164f yield strength 169, 173 Doubling-time 21 Dry oxidation metals joining 426–429 stainless alloys, making of 421–422 turbine blades 422–426 Ductile tearing 233–234, 233f Ductile-to-brittle transition 235–236 Ductility, of aluminum alloys 539 E Edge dislocation 159–161, 160f, 162–163f Elastic bending 96–98, 96–97f Elastic deflection 95–98, 97f, 535–538 Elastic deformation bending 96–98, 96–97f buckling 99–100 elastic limit 95 strain 102–103, 103f stress 100–102, 101–102f vibration 98–99 Elastic design, springs energy density 196 leaf springs See Leaf springs materials 195–196, 196t primary function 196 types 195–196 Elastic limit 137 Elastic moduli deck hangers, Sydney Harbour Bridge 31, 32f floppy materials 31 Hooke’s law 38 rubber band 31, 32f strain 36–37, 37f stress 33–35 Young moduli See Young’s modulus Electrochemical equilibrium diagram. See Pourbaix diagram Electropolishing 455 Energies of formation, of oxides 412, 413f, 414t Energy costs 24–25 Engineering materials for bridges cast-iron bridges, Magdalene Bridge 8, 10f Clare Bridge 8, 9f mild-steel bridge, St George footbridge 10, 11f reinforced concrete footbridge in Garret Hostel Lane 10, 11f wooden bridge at Queens’ College 8, 9f ceramics 1–2 classes of materials 1–2, 3t, 4f composites 1–2 engineering design considerations 10, 12f material prices, breakdown of 7–8, 8t metals and alloys 1–2 natural materials 1–2 precious metals and gemstones 8 properties classes of property 1, 2t fatigue strength 1 fracture toughness 1 sailing cruiser 6, 7f screwdriver fracture toughness 4 friction coefficient 4 modulus, steel 2–3 PMMA handle 4–5 Only gold members can continue reading. Log In or Register to continue Share this:Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Related Related posts: Case Studies in Dry Oxidation Case Studies in Wet Corrosion Case Studies in Fracture Case Studies in Yield-Limited Design